Umayyad and Post-Umayyad Islamic World

Al-Andalus

Al-Andalus was the Islamic territory in the Iberian Peninsula from 711 to 1492 CE. Over nearly eight centuries it produced some of the medieval world's greatest intellectual and architectural achievements, while its complex social order — encompassing Muslim, Christian, and Jewish communities under shifting conditions of coexistence and conflict — left a lasting mark on European and Islamic civilization.