Arabian Peninsula

The conquest of Mecca in 630 CE (8 AH) was the decisive event of the Prophetic era. After eight years of exile, Prophet Muhammad led ten thousand Muslims into the city, declared a general amnesty, purified the Kaaba of its idols, and transformed the Arabian political landscape.

The Ridda Wars (11-12 AH / 632-633 CE) were the campaigns by which the first caliph Abu Bakr suppressed the tribal revolts, zakat refusals and rival prophetic movements that broke out across Arabia after the Prophet's death, restoring Medinan authority over the peninsula in about four months.