Deccan Campaigns

Alauddin Khalji (r. 1296-1316 CE) was the most powerful ruler of the Delhi Sultanate. His reign saw repeated Mongol invasions repulsed, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Malwa and much of peninsular India brought under Delhi, sweeping market regulation, and a centralised administration.

Shah Jahan (1592-1666), fifth Mughal emperor, ruled from 1628 until his deposition in 1658. His reign brought Mughal architecture to its height and drained the treasury in failed campaigns for Balkh and Kandahar, ending in the succession war that raised Aurangzeb.